CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Leveraged Buyouts
§ 1.01 Introduction
§ 1.02 Buyout Nomenclature
§ 1.03 Special Features of Buyouts
[1] Transitions
[2] Conglomerate/Deconglomerate
[3] Management Enhancement: “The Pilot Crashes Before I Do”
[4] Bypass the Unsecureds
[5] Going Private
[6] Value-Added Investing
CHAPTER 2
Sample LBO Deal Documentation
§ 2.01 Sample LBO Deal Documentation
[1] Events Leading Up to the LBO
[2] Financing
§ 2.02 Model Letter of Intent
§ 2.03 Note on No Shop/No Solicit
§ 2.04 Term Sheet as a Binding Agreement
CHAPTER 3
The Agreement and Plan of Merger
§ 3.01 Model Agreement and Plan of Merger
§ 3.02 Material Adverse Change
[1] Introduction
[2] What Is A MAC?
[3] Court Interpretations Of MAC Clauses
[4] Are Investment Transactions Different?
[5] The MAC Checklist
[5] Conclusion
§ 3.03 Representations and Warranties
§ 3.04 Break-Up Fees
[1] How Break-Up Fees Work
[2] Sample Break-Up Fee Provisions
§ 3.05 Earn-Outs
[1] Earn-Outs Defined
[2] Benefits and Detriments of Earn-Outs
[3] Appropriate Transactions for Earn-Outs
[4] Proper Structuring and Implementing of Earn-Outs
[5] Tax and Accounting Treatment
[6] Conclusion
§ 3.06 Note on Indemnification
CHAPTER 4
Initial Investment Bank Agreements
§ 4.01 Model Equity Commitment Letter
§ 4.02 Model Loan Commitment Letter
§ 4.03 Model Investment Bank Fairness Opinion
§ 4.04 Note on Fairness Opinions
[1] How Bulletproof are They?
[2] Fairness Opinions in Emergencies
§ 4.05 Agency/Financial Adviser Agreement
§ 4.05A Model Participation Agreement
§ 4.06 Mandatory Registration of Finders
§ 4.07 Model Forward Underwriting Commitment Letter
§ 4.08 Model [Senior Secured] Term Loan Agreement
§ 4.08A Model Senior Secured Floating Rate Note
§ 4.09 Model Asset-Based Revolving Credit Agreement
§ 4.10 Secured Promissory Note
CHAPTER 5
Model Senior Indenture Agreement
§ 5.01 Model Senior Indenture Agreement
§ 5.02 Model Second-Priority Senior Secured Fixed Rate Notes
CHAPTER 6
Model Senior Subordinated Note Indenture
§ 6.01 Model Senior Subordinated Note Indenture
CHAPTER 7 Model Note Purchase Agreement
§ 7.01 Model Note Purchase Agreement
§ 7.02 Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note
§ 7.03 Bridge Note Subordinated Convertible Promissory Note (Non-Recourse)
CHAPTER 8 Lender Agreements
§ 8.01 Model Term Loan Security and Intercreditor Agreement
§ 8.02 Model Asset-Based Revolver Pledge And Security Agreement
§ 8.02A Model Intercreditor Agreement
§ 8.03 Model Lien Subordination and Intercreditor Agreement
[1] Second Priority Senior Secured Floating Rate Notes
§ 8.04 Model Patent Security Agreement
[1] Trademark Security Agreement
§ 8.05 Model Credit Agreement
§ 8.06 Model Forbearance Agreement
§ 8.07 Model Form of Guaranty
CHAPTER 9
Model Rights Agreements and Resolutions
§ 9.01 Model Registration Rights Agreement
§ 9.02 What are Registration Rights?
[1] Introduction
[2] Categories of Registration Rights
[3] The Principles Underlying Registration Rights
§ 9.03 Rule 415 Shelf Registrations
§ 9.04 Expenses
§ 9.05 Indemnification
§ 9.06 Model Stockholder Agreement
§ 9.07 Model Guarantor Resolutions
§ 9.08 Model Resolutions of the Board of Target
Joseph W. Bartlett
Joseph W. Bartlett is special counsel in theCorporate, Securities and Financial Institutions practice at McCarter & English LLP. A recognized pioneer of the national private equity and venturecapital bar, Mr. Bartlett contributed to the original models for private equityand fund of fund partnerships. His experience extends to alternativeinvestments, venture capital, emerging companies, corporate restructurings,private equity and buyouts. Mr. Bartlett’s practice includes serving as counselto asset managers, including those of major public and private equity funds,with a focus on technology companies, and he has also served as trustee of aseries of public mutual funds and chair of a public REIT. His venture fund workbegan with the first Greylock fund, and he has drafted documents for several ofthe largest and most successful LBO funds.Mr. Bartlett has served as Presidentof the Boston Bar Association and as General Counsel and Undersecretary of theU.S. Department of Commerce. He has authored numerous treatises, including Leveraged Buyouts Compensation Structures for Venture Backed Companies Equity Finance Fundamentals of Venture Capital, and Venture Capital: Law, Business Strategies and Investment Planning.He is also founder and chairman of VC Experts, for which he is an activecontributing editor. Mr. Bartlett is a frequent speaker on industry issues andlectures as a faculty member at Cornell’s Johnson School of Business.
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Peter L. Korn
Cathy L. Reese
Cathy L. Reese is a Principal in the Delaware office of Fish & Richardson and heads the firms Corporate and Chancery Litigation practice. She is an established trial attorney with extensive experience in corporate and complex commercial litigation, as well as corporate counseling and corporate opinions. She is ranked as one of the leading litigators in Delaware by Chambers USA: Americas Leading Business Lawyers and has also been selected by Delawares legal community and a Blue Ribbon Committee of retired Delaware judges as one of the top 10 corporate litigators in Delaware. She often is called upon by law firms based in other states or countries to provide opinions on Delaware law issues. She received her B.S. from Columbia University in 1982 magna cum laude and her J.D. from George Washington University Law School in 1989 with honors.
David J. Mittelstadt
David J. Mittelstadt is Of Counsel to Fish & Richardson P.C. He is a member of the firm’s Corporate and Securities group, with tax practice emphasizing corporate transactional planning in the areas of acquisitions, dispositions, and joint ventures in domestic and cross-border contexts. He also has additional experience in advising on structured finance transactions. He has previous experience as Counsel for Shearman & Sterling (2001-2003), Vice President-Tax Counsel for The Thomson Corporation; Thomson U.S. Holdings, Inc. (1993-2001), and as Tax Associate for Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue (1991-1993), Fulbright & Jaworski (1988-1991), Hale and Dorr (1986-1988), and Bingham, Dana & Gould (1983-1986). A graduate of the University of Cambridge in 1981, Mr. Mittelstadt received his J.D. in 1983 cum laude from University of Chicago Law School, where he was a member of the Order of the Coif.
Michael A. Rueda
Michael A. Rueda is an associate at Kelley Drye & Warren, LLP, and a member of the firm’s Corporate group. He received his J.D. in 2006 cum laude from Suffolk University Law School in Boston, MA, where he was a member of the Transnational Law Review. Mr. Rueda earned a B.S. in Management and International Business from the University of Connecticut. He is admitted to practice in both New York and Connecticut.